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EFFECTS OF Terminalia Chebula FRESH FRUIT EXTRACTS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED TYPE 2 DIABETIC MODEL RATS


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 131-137

The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of T. chebula mature fresh fruits (1.25g Kg-1 body weight) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic (T2DM) model rats. T2DM was induced in male long-evan rats by a single intraperitoneial (ip) injection of STZ to 48 hours old pups and 3 months later after confirming with an oral glucose tolerance test T2DM rats were selected. The subchronic (28 days) oral administration of 80% ethanol extracts of fresh fruits (P=0.02) of T. chebula significantly reduced serum glucose level and total cholesterol (p=0.001), triglycerides (p=0.016) and LDL-cholesterol (p=0.001) level were significantly decreased compared to water control for fresh fruit extracts. No significant change found with serum insulin and reduced glutathione level. In final day, although statistically insignificant, content of liver glycogen were remarkably higher and the levels of malondialdehyde were notably lower. The study shows that T. chebula fruits improves glycemic status in T2DM rats that probably mediated by an extra-pancreatic mechanism.


Keywords: Type-2 diabetes, glibenclamide, T. chebula, streptozotocin, oxidative stress


PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LOW-COST MATERIALS IN REMOVING POLLUTANTS FROM WASTEWATER


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 123-130

The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of gravels, sandy soils and coal for treating household waste water in the laboratory. Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of wastewater filtered through constructed filter columns were measured over time to evaluate the pollutant removal characteristics of these filter materials. During filtration, coarse gravel, fine gravel 1 (white), fine gravel 2 (brown), coarse sand, sandy clay and coal could reduce EC of wastewater by 269, 385, 429, 56, 167 and 32 µS cm-1 in 39, 39, 32, 170, 212 and 48 minutes, respectively. These materials reduced TDS by 143, 171, 218, 57, 79 and 18 ppm, respectively during the same period required for reduction of EC. Coal showed very poor performance in reducing EC and TDS from wastewater. Since the ability of the filter columns in reducing EC and TDS was decreased with time, washing was accomplished by using tap water. During washing, coarse gravel, fine gravel 1 (white), fine gravel 2 (brown), coarse sand, sandy clay and coal required 400, 400, 400, 700, 200 and 600 ml of tap water, respectively. The corresponding times for washing were 108, 126, 108, 275, 81 and 194 minutes, respectively. Among these six materials, sandy clay was washed very efficiently whereas coal was observed the poorest filter material in respect of washing.


Keywords: Wastewater, low cost material, filtering, washing


SEEPAGE AND PERCOLATION LOSS IN THE RICE FIELD OF BANGLADESH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY FARM


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 117-122

A study was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Farm in order to determine the seepage and percolation (S and P) loss in the transplanted Aman (T. Aman) rice field during the period from 23 August to 6 November 2010. The variety of rice was BRRI dhan49. The soil was silty loam having 78% silt, 12% sand and 10% clay. The study was conducted following two cylinders method for measuring seepage and percolation and Blaney-Criddle method for estimating evapotranspiration. This loss (S and P) was combined with evapotranspiration to determine the total water requirement. It was observed that the seepage and percolation loss in the study area varied from 1 to 8.50 mm day-1 with an average of 4.18 mm day-1. Total seepage and percolation loss was 307 mm for the whole growing season. The estimated evapotranspiration for the total growing season was found to be 538 mm with an average of 6.49 mm day-1. The total water requirement was 845 mm for the study period. During the study period seepage and percolation and evapotranspiration was 37% and 63% of total water requirement, respectively. Land soaking, land preparation, and surface drainage loss was not considered to determine water requirement.


Keywords: Seepage and percolation loss, T. Aman rice, water requirement, yield


INSTALLATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SHALLOW TUBEWELL AT A HAOR AREA OF NETROKONA DISTRICT


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 107-116

A study was undertaken to evaluate the groundwater potentiality and performance of a shallow tubewell at haor areas under Netrakona district. For this purpose, a shallow tubewell was installed under the project ‘LIFCHASA” being carried out by the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU). The borelog data were collected and analyzed for different layers and distribution of formation materials. The aquifer borelog was stratified with silt loam (0 to 7 m), loam (7 to 14 m), clay loam (14 to 21 m), and fine sand (21 to 120 m). Total depth of the shallow tubewell was 32 m. The values of pump efficiency, delivery performance ratio, water delivery performance, and conveyance loss ratio were found as 34%, 34%, 33%, and 0.40, respectively. The formation material of the aquifer was found mainly fine sand. The tubewell was used to irrigate the fallow land where the farmers of the concerned selected haor area could not cultivate due to lack of irrigation facilities. These tubewells are being used successfully for irrigation purposes and, consequently, the farmers are making substantial profit from their farm products. The neighboring farmers were motivated and encouraged from the success of the LIFCHASA tubewell and installed four new STWs within a very short time.


Keywords: Installation, performance evaluation, shallow tubewell, haor, Netrokona


COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF T. AMAN RICE UNDER SALINE AND NONSALINE AREAS AT DACOPE UPAZILA OF KHULNA DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 99-105

This study was designed to assess the comparative profitability of T. Aman rice farming in saline and nonsaline area at Dacope upazila of Khulna district of Bangladesh. In total, 240 farmers were randomly selected for the study among which 120 from saline area and rest 120 from nonsaline area. Descriptive statistics, activity budgets, Cobb-Douglas production function model were employed to achieve the objectives of the study. The study confirmed that T. Aman rice production of nonsaline area were profitable than saline area. Per hectare total cost, gross return and net return of T. Aman farming in nonsaline area were Tk 33,097.00; 59,723.00 and 26,626.00, respectively. Similarly, Per hectare total cost, gross return and net return of T. Aman farming in saline area were estimated at Tk 37,003.00; 50,666.00and 13,663.00, respectively. It was observed that the coefficient of human labour, power tiller and insecticide were positive and had significant impacts on gross returns of T. Aman rice production in nonsaline area. Similarly, the coefficient of seedling, power tiller, human labour, TSP and insecticide were positive and had significant impacts on gross returns of T. Aman rice production in saline area.


Keywords: T. Aman rice, saline, economic and comparative analysis


FERTILITY BEHAVIOR OF THE CHILDLESS WOMEN IN BANGLADESH


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 95-98

Fertility has been one of the major issues of population policies in Bangladesh. Currently married women who are still childless have different demographic characteristics and reproductive health conditions. Much can be done in terms of family planning and reproductive health targets if the characteristics of this group is well understood. This paper explores the fertility behavior of the childless women in Bangladesh using Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007 dataset. Among 10,146 surveyed currently married women 11% (n=1,112) reported to have no children. Most of these women (88.7%) were aged less than 30 years. Among the childless women 59.4% were fecund, 27.1% were currently pregnant and the rest were in-fecund or at menopausal stage. Among the childless women 18.9% were currently using contraception and another 14.5% reported to have unmet need for contraception. Overall 54% childless women had desire to have children within two-year time. About 76% of the respondents preferred 2 children family norm. About 11% of the childless currently married women had experience of either pregnancy loss or termination. Two binary logistic regression models were fitted to explore the determinants of ‘current use of contraception’ and ‘unmet need for contraception’. Finally, the research suggests important policy recommendations.


Keywords: Childless women, fertility, logistic regression


AN ECONOMIC STUDY ON MAIZE PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF BOGRA DISTRICT


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 87-94

The present study was undertaken to estimate the profitability and resource use efficiency under different farm size groups of maize production. In total, 65 farmers (30 small, 30 medium and 5 large) were randomly selected from five villages of Bogra district. Both tabular and statistical analyses were applied in this study. Cost and return analysis reveal that maize is a profitable crop for all categories of farmers. On an average per hectare total cost of maize production was estimated at Tk 46278 for all farmers and Tk 41263, 53554 and 48715 for small, medium and large farmers, respectively. Again, gross margins from maize production were estimated at Tk 67592, 64694 and 74089 for small, medium and large farmers, respectively. However, net returns for the farm size groups of small, medium and large were calculated at Tk 57823, 53895 and 64138 per hectare, respectively. BCR was the highest (2.40) for the small farmers followed by medium (2.01) and large (2.32) farmers, respectively. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis indicated that out of nine variables, the effects of using seed, manure, fertilizer, irrigation and insecticide had significant impact on gross return from maize production for all farmers. Efficiency analysis indicated that most of the farmers inefficiently used their inputs. The findings of the study revealed that large farmers earned higher profit than those of small and medium farmers. The study also indicated some problems and constraints of maize cultivation and suggested some recommendations to improve maize production with a view to increasing the household income and employment opportunities of the farmers.


Keywords: Maize, production costs, returns, profitability, resource use efficiency


EFFECTS OF WASHING TREATMENT ON HATCHING AND SURVIVAL OF BLACK TIGER SHRIMP (Penaeus monodon) SEEDS IN BANGLADESH


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 81-85

The effects of washing treatment on hatching rate of eggs and survival rate of nauplii and postlarvae (PL) of Penaeus monodon was studied at a commercial hatchery of Bangladesh during the period of November 2008 to October 2009. The experiment was set up with two groups for each of P. monodon eggs, nauplii and PL, viz., i) washing treatment (treated group), and ii) without washing treatment (control group) in triplicate. The hatching, nauplii and PL survival rates were significantly higher (p<0.05) in treated group over those of control group. The mean hatching, nauplii and PL survival rates were 76.6±13.2, 76.4±8.7 and 79.6±9.1% in treated group and 30.0±6.9, 48.8±7.0 and 53.8±8.7% in control group, respectively. Hatching and survival rates of nauplii and PL were noted with better performance in winter, spring and autumn than that in summer. The observations from this study could be useful for larval rearing of P. monodon in areas where shrimp hatchery system is a promising industry.


Keywords: Penaeus monodon, hatching, larval rearing, washing treatment


COMPARISON OF EFFECTS BETWEEN LOCALLY MADE AND COMMERCIAL DIETS ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF FRESHWATER PRAWN Macrobrachium rosenbergii IN RAIN-FED FALLOW RICE FIELDS


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 73-79

One of the main constraints for the emerging freshwater prawn farming in Bangladesh is scarcity of feed and its high price. To overcome this problem low cost feed with locally available ingredients needs to be developed. An on-farm experiment was carried out to determine the effects of two locally made and one commercial diet on the growth and production of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in rain-fed fallow rice fields at Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Feed were tested with four replicates: Locally made pelleted feed containing 30% protein (treatment-Local 30) and 28% protein (treatment-Local 28) and commercial pellet feed containing 28% protein (treatment-Commercial 28). During research period the costs of feed were BDT 22 kg-1, BDT 21 kg-1 and BDT 25 kg-1, respectively for Local 30, Local 28 and Commercial 28. Each treatment plot was stocked with 20,000 ha-1 freshwater prawn, 20,000 ha-1 mola and 2,000 ha-1 catla. Feed were applied twice daily at the rate of 3-8% (initially 8% and gradually reduced up to 3%) of body weight. Water quality parameters were monitored monthly and there was no significant difference among the treatments. All water quality parameters were found to be within the suitable range for freshwater prawn culture. Abundance of plankton communities did not show any significant differences among the treatments. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in treatments Local 30, Local 28 and Commercial 28 were 2.1, 2.4 and 2.6, respectively. There was no significant difference in production and survival of fish and prawn among the treatments. Comparatively better benefit-cost ratio of 1:1.8 was estimated in the Local 30, but there were no significant differences among the treatments. It can be concluded that locally made feed can be used economically for prawn culture. Another advantage of this feed is that farmer can easily prepare this feed using locally available ingredients with a low-cost hand pellet machine.


Keywords: Freshwater prawn, rice-fields, locally made feed, commercial feed


SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE FISHERMEN IN JELEPARA UNDER PAHARTOLI OF CHITTAGONG DISTRICT


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 65-72

The investigation was conducted on the socio-economic condition of fishermen in Jelepara under Pahartoli of Chittagong district. Randomly selected 50 were interviewed among 200 fishermen. From the survey it was found that 94% fishermen were male and 6% were female. A large portion was Hindus (88%) and rest was Muslims (12%). About 84% were found married. Single family was much more (94%) than joint families. It was found that the number of school going children was 1.9 per house and 54% were school dropout boy and 46% were girl. Eighty eight percent houses were full katcha, while semi-pacca were12% and all the families have electricity facilities. Different types of net were used viz: the set bagnet, tong jal, current jal, tanajal etc. They used engine boats and engine power ranges from 8 to 22 HP. On average a group of fishermen (4) caught 35-80kg/day using a boat. Maximum fishermen sold their fish after fulfilling their demand. Monthly average income was around BDT. 6000-15000. Fifty six percent of the fishermen borrowed money from money lenders and 44% from the NGO’s. They need more institutional, organizational and technical help for the betterment of their socio-economic condition and sustainable livelihood.


Keywords: Livelihood, structural questionnaire, catch per unit effort (CPUE)


ENDOPARASITIC INFESTATION IN Channa punctatus COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT WATER BODIES IN SYLHET


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 59-64

The present study was conducted to determine the endoparasitic infestation and their effects on the growth of Channa punctatus from different water bodies in Sylhet during the period from January to May 2013. Six different species of parasites identified from the hosts examined were i). Euclinostomum multicaecum, ii). Allocreadium handiai, iii). Genarchopsis dasus, iv). Isoparorchys hypselobagri, v). Camallanus intestinalus, and vi). Pellisentis ophiocephali. Moderate infestations were found in C. punctatus due to parasites. Prevalence was different in different months. The highest prevalence observed in January (75.00%) and lowest in February (55.56%). Changes in the nature of growth and loss of weight as a result of parasitic infestation were noticed. Accordingly length, weight and condition factors were found greatly affected. Loss of total length was 2.68%. The loss of weight and condition factor was 10.45% and 0.03, respectively. The loss of gonad weight also observed in infested male and female host and it was 5.25% and 3.64%, respectively.


Keywords: Endoparasitic infestation, Channa punctatus, haor


EFFECT OF INDOLE ACETIC ACID AND BORON ON THE YIELD OF SUMMER TOMATO CULTIVAR BINA TOMATO-3


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 51-58

A pot experiment was conducted at the net house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from March to August, 2010 to study the effect of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Boron on the growth and yield of summer tomato CV. BINA Tomato-3. There were four levels of IAA viz. 0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm and B viz. 0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The result revealed that parameters like plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of inflorescences plant-1, number of fruits and yield plant-1 were significantly influenced by the application of IAA and B. The highest plant height (90.33 cm), number of inflorescence plant-1 (14.67), number of fruit (18.00) and yield (533.33 g) plant-1 were obtained in 60 ppm IAA along with 2.0 kg B ha-1 and the lowest plant height (84.00 cm), number of inflorescence plant-1 (10.33), number of fruit (9.33) and yield (249.71 g) plant-1 were obtained in control treatment. The overall results suggest that treatment IAA60B2.0 was the best from other treatments.


Keywords: Indole acetic acid, B, growth, yield, summer tomato


USE OF INTERNET IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A STUDY AT SYLHET AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 45-50

The objectives of the study were to determine and describe the extent of internet use by the students of Sylhet Agricultural University (from herein SAU) regarding academic and entertainment and communication purposes. The study was carried out with four faculties (Veterinary and Animal Science, Agriculture, Fisheries and Agricultural Economics and Business Studies) at SAU. A sample of 240 students (20%), sixty from each faculty, was randomly selected from a total population of 1200 students. Data were collected from the sampled students throughout January to March 2013 using distributed questionnaire. Findings of the study showed that most of the students like to use laptop regardless to faculty and gender. Students of Agricultural Economics and Business Studies were the highest (100%) user of internet whether Veterinary and Animal Science faculty was the highest (25%) non-user of internet. Students from Fisheries faculty were the highest user of internet for academic purpose and higher user of internet for entertainment and communication purpose are from Agriculture and Agricultural Economics and Business Studies faculties’ students. Female students are more interested in academic use of internet than male. Regardless to faculty and gender; collecting contents from different websites for home assignment and examination and browsing different websites to develop detailed concept of any topics for home assignment are top ranked for academic purpose of internet use. In the case of entertainment and communication purposes, reading newspaper was ranked top position followed by use of Facebook and getting live score of different games for every faculties and each gender.


Keywords: Internet, higher education, communication process


RESPONSE OF WHEAT TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF UREA FERTILIZER


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 39-43

An experiment was conducted at the Field Research Site of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706 during November 2011 to March 2012 to study the response of wheat to foliar application of urea fertilizer. Three fertilizer treatments were maintained in the 3m × 2m experimental plots in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). A non-fertilized control was compared with two foliar fertilized treatments receiving 20 kg ha-1 of N in soil at crop emergence and also received foliar spray of 1% and 2% urea in each time at 36, 53 and 68 Days After Sowing (DAS). Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value was taken from middle portion of the latest fully developed leaf of tagged plants at 3 day interval from 36 DAS using Minolta Chlorophyll meter upto 89 DAS. Perusal of the data revealed that significant effect was found in total dry matter production, leaf area index and SPAD values for chlorophyll content. Significant increase was recorded in number of effective tillers m-2, spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1, thousand-grain weight and grain yield with foliar application of urea. Foliar application of 2% urea resulted in maximum number of effective tillers m-2, spikelets spike-1, grains spike-1 and grain yield. Maximum thousand-grain weight was recorded from 1% urea spray which was statistically similar to that of 2% urea foliar spray. It was concluded that foliar spray of 1% urea solution at tillering, jointing and booting stages along with 20 kg ha-1 of N at crop emergence helped in enhancing yield and yield components of wheat.


Keywords: Wheat, foliar spray, SPAD, grain yield


EFFECTIVENESS OF PRILLED UREA AND UREA SUPER GRANULE ON RICE PRODUCTION IN THE EASTERN SURMA KUSHIYARA FLOODPLAIN SOILS


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 35-38

The experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field Alampur, Sylhet to investgate the effect of prilled urea (PU) and urea super granule (USG) on rice during transplanted aman season. Three doses (50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) of nitrogen from PU and USG including a control (no N added) were tested in the Randomized Complete Block Design. The test variety was BRRI dhan31. PU was applied into three equal splits e.g. 1/3rd at basal, 1/3rd at maximum tillering stage and the remaining 1/3rd at panicle initiation stage while USG was applied at deep placed at 10 days after transplanting (DAT). USG at 75 kg N ha-1 produced the highest grain yield. The highest total N uptake and N use efficiency were recorded in treatment T4 (USG 75 kg N ha-1). The highest net benefit was also observed in treatment T4 (USG 75 kg N ha-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that USG (75 kg N ha-1) is more suitable for rice cultivation.


Keywords: USG, rice production, the eastern Surma Kushiyara floodplain


SHELF LIFE AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BROCCOLI (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) AS INFLUENCED BY NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM AND MOLYBDENUM


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 29-33

The study on the shelf life and economic analysis of broccoli under different fertilizer treatments combinations were carried out both in the field and laboratory of Horticulture Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, during 10 October 2007 to 28 February 2008. There were 13 treatments viz. control (no application of fertilizer) (T1), N45P30K50MO0.3(T2), N90P30K50MO0.3(T3), N135P30K50MO0.3(T4), N90P0K50MO0.3(T5), N90P60K50MO0.3(T6), N90P90K50MO0.3(T7), N90P30K0MO0.3(T8), N90P30K25MO0.3(T9), N90P30K75MO0.3(T10), N90P30K50MO0.0(T11), N90P30K50MO0.1(T12), and N90P30K50MO0.5(T13). Cowdung was applied @10 t ha-1 as basal dose in each case. The maximum shelf life (15.05 days) was observed with no application of inorganic fertilizer and kept at 40C in polythene bag wrapping the broccoli curd. The maximum gross return per hectare (Tk. 3, 66, 740 ha-1) and net benefit (Tk. 2, 56, 182 ha-1) were found in T4 (N135P30K50MO0.3) followed by T7 (N90P90K50MO0.3) (Tk. 3,36,380 and 2, 17, 457, respectively) and the minimum values (Tk. 1, 22, 100 and 21,546, respectively) being noted in T1 (control). The highest cost benefit ratio (3.32) was found in T4 (N135P30K50MO 0.3). Considering the yield of broccoli and the benefit cost ratio, nutrient application of N, P, K, and Mo @ 135, 30, 50, and 0.3 kg ha-1, respectively are the optimum doses for growing broccoli in shallow Red-Brown Terrace Soil of Salna series, Gazipur.


Keywords: Shelf life, broccoli, benefit cost ratio, inorganic fertilizers, net benefit


RESPONSE OF WHEAT TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF UREA FERTILIZER


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 23-27

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of time of operation and rooting media on the rooting success of air-layering in guava at the Germplasm Centre, Fruit Tree Improvement Project, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during March to August, 2011. The experiment comprised of five operation times (March, April, May, June and July 2011) and 11 rooting media (50% cow dung + 50% loamy soil), (50% cow dung + 50% saw dust), (50% compost + 50% loamy soil), (50% cow dung + 50% coconut coir), 100% cow dung, 100% loamy soil, 100% compost, 100% moss, (25% cow dung + 75% loamy soil), (25% loamy soil + 75% cow dung) and 100% saw dust. The result of the experiment indicates that the effect of time and rooting media on percent rooting success, root number and root length was significant. The highest percentage of rooting success (96.97%), number of roots/layer (7.76) and length of longest root (6.17 cm) was recorded in June and lowest percentage of rooting success (58.78%), number of roots/layer (1.25) and length of longest root (1.99 cm) in July. The highest percentage of rooting success (85.33%), number of roots/layer (6.04) and length of longest root (5.43 cm) was obtained from compost and lowest percentage of rooting success (65.33%), number of roots/layer (2.29) and length of longest root (1.96 cm) was obtained from saw dust. In case of combined effect of time and rooting media the maximum rooting success (100%) was observed in the combinations of May × compost, May × moss, June × compost and June × moss and lowest (46.670%) in the combinations of July × saw dust and April × saw dust. The highest number of roots/layer (9.930) and length of longest root (9.000 cm) was obtained from June × compost and lowest number of roots/layer (1.000) and length of longest root (0.970 cm) was obtained from July × saw dust combination.


Keywords: Time of operation, rooting media, rooting success, air layering, guava


TREND ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE VARIABLES (AIR TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL) AND ITS INFLUENCES ON RICE YIELD: A CASE STUDY FROM MYMENSINGH DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 15-21

The objectives of the study was to find out the changing trend of major climatic variable (temperature and rainfall) over the period and forecast for succeeding five years (up to 2017) as well as to explore its influences on rice yield in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The study was carried out on gathering data from Weather Yard, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) and 8 annual issues of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) from 1975 to 2012. Different statistical methods were employed to attain the results by gathered data. Firstly, from the descriptive statistics it was found that climate variables and rice yield is changing over period and from trend analysis it was found that trend of average annual maximum temperature and average annual rainfall are decreasing. Whereas, average minimum temperature and average mean temperature trend are increasing overtime. From the forecasted value its rate of change was also calculated. It was found from the linear regression analysis that average annual maximum temperature and average annual rainfall had significant negative influences on rice yield while, average annual mean temperature had significant positive influence on rice yield of the study area. The changing trend of climatic variables was highly fluctuating and not favorable for better crop production as well as shows some indication of desertification for the study area.


Keywords: Trend analysis, climate variables, rice yield


EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TUNNEL COVERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SWEET PEPPER


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 11-14

A popular sweet pepper variety ‘California Wonder’ was evaluated under different protective structures in two consecutive seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10 at the experimental field of Horticulture Research Center (HRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur. Protective structures had remarkable and significant influence on plant growth and yield of the sweet pepper. The plants grown under tunnel cover with polythene and nylon net or tunnel cover with only nylon net had higher plant height compared to that of plants grown in open field. In both of the seasons the highest individual fruit weight (76.13g and 73.71g, respectively) was recorded from the plants grown under tunnel cover with polythene and nylon net while it was the lowest from open field grown plant (45.44g and 48.2g, respectively). The highest number of fruits per plant was recorded in both seasons from the plants grown under tunnel cover with polythene and nylon net and it was closely followed by tunnel cover with only nylon net. The maximum fruit yield per plant (550.1g) was recorded in 2009-10 from tunnel cover with polythene and nylon net which was followed by tunnel cover with only nylon net (439.58g). The lowest per plant fruit yield was obtained from the crop grown in open field (125.1g) indicating brighter scope for sweet pepper cultivation under protective structures.


Keywords: Sweet pepper, protective structures, polythene, nylon net


EFFECTS OF VARIOUS LOCAL ANALGESICS AND KETAMINE FOR CAUDAL EPIDURAL ANALGESIA IN BLACK BENGAL GOAT


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2014, Volume 1, Number 1; Pages: 1-9

The present study was conducted to find out the effect of analgesic and anaesthetic drugs for caudal epidural analgesia in Black Bengal goats. A series of thirty two (32) analgesic trails were conducted in goats age ranged from 8 to 12 months and with an average body weight of 8.1 kg. The animals were divided into four groups (n=4) and a replication of 8 trails was performed in each group at least one week interval. Two percent (2%) lidocaine hydrochloride (4 mg kg-1), 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline (4 mg kg-1), 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (1.0 mg kg-1) and ketamine hydrochloride (4 mg kg-1) were used to perform caudal epidural analgesia. The time of onset of anaesthesia, peak time of anaesthesia, area of desensitization and duration of anaesthesia were observed. 2% Lidocaine hydrochloride showed rapid onset of analgesia. 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride produced the highest area of desensitization in thigh region during caudal epidural analgesia. Perineal region and tail were totally desensitized during epidural analgesia. 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride prolonged the duration of analgesia during epidural analgesia. 2% Lidocaine hydrochloride and 2% Lidocaine hydrochloride with adrenaline showed no side effects whereas 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride showed shivering and drowsiness, ketamine hydrochloride excitement and drowsiness. It seemed that 2% Lidocaine hydrochloride is more effective whereas 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride is associated with side effects. Though ketamine hydrochloride is a dissociative agent, it could also be used in epidural analgesia.


Keywords: Effects, local analgesics, ketamine, caudal epidural analgesia, Black Bengal goat


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