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LIVELIHOOD ASSETS OF SIDR AFFECTED FARMERS OF BAGERHAT DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 79-85

People of Bangladesh are vulnerable to disasters and have suffered repeatedly due to floods and storm surges, On 15 November 2007,a cyclone sidr struck coastal and central areas of Bangladesh and caused severe suffering to the affected people. The study was conducted with sidr affected farmers of Mollarhat Upazila of Bagerhat district to determine the extent of the problems they faced regarding lack of dwelling house, unhygienic drinking water, outbreak of diarrhoea, cholera, insufficient relief and increased salinity intension etc by the farmers to mitigate the hazardous effects of sidr on their farming systems. One hundred farmers were selected randomly for data collection through pretested interview schedule during March to April 2009. Extent of livelihood assets of the sidr affected farmers was the dependent variable of the study and their selected eight characteristics constituted the independent variables. Most of the farmers (60%) had medium livelihood assets while 20 and 14% of them had weak and strong capacity, respectively. They had the highest livelihood assets regarding natural capital and lowest capacity regarding financial capital. Effective support and long term planning from the GO and NGOs are desirable to overcome the vulnerable situation of the sidr affected farmers.


Keywords: Disasters, capital, households, dependent and independent variables


PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME SELECTED RICE CULTIVARS OF SYLHET


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 73 - 78

Twenty one local rice cultivars of Sylhet, Eastern part of Bangladesh were evaluated for proximate physicochemical properties and cooking qualities. Rice cultivars were grown under field condition during the period from June to December, 2014 at the experimental field of the Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet while grain quality characteristics were studied in the laboratory of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur. Thousand paddy weights ranged between 10.4 to 26 g. Milling outturn of the tested cultivars varied from 37.5- 69.8%. The length and breadth of the milled rice ranged from 4.5 to 7.2 mm and 2.0 to 2.9 mm, respectively. Length-breadth (L-b) ratio ranges 1.8 and 3.1. In grain size and shape, three cultivars were long and slender type grain, four cultivars were short and bold, thirteen cultivars were medium and bold types and only one cultivar found short and round. All cultivars had good appearance, among the cultivars ten translucent type, three opaque type and eight white belly type grain chalkiness were found. All cultivars contained low to high amylose ranges from 8.2 to 26.5% which indicate both sticky and non-sticky cultivars were present. Protein percent of the varieties ranged from 7.4 to 11.1%. Alkali Spreading Value ranged from 4.9 to 7% which indicate intermediate to low gelatinized temperature. Cooking time of the local cultivars was more or less similar and ranged from 14 to 19.3 minutes. Elongation ratio and volume expansion of the cultivars ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 and 2.4 to 3.5, respectively.


Keywords: Local rice cultivar, chalkiness, alkali spreading, elongation ratio


ASSESSMENT OF MICROBIAL POPULATION IN VEGETABLES CONTAINING FAST FOOD ITEMS IN SYLHET METROPOLITAN AREA


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 67 - 71

A study was conducted with a view to demonstrate the bacterial loads and identification of the bacterial organisms contaminating fast food items in the retail outlets of Sylhet metropolitan area and in around Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet. Bacteriological investigation was conducted on 64 samples of 4 different types of fast food. The result was expressed in cfug-1 of sample. Mean value of Total Viable Count (TVC) per gram of fast food items Vegetable singara, Shamucha, Potato chop and Vegetable roll were found to be 104.5×109, 93.5×109, 100.5×109 and 67×109 respectively collected from Baluchor Bazar, Uposhohor, Zindabazar and Shibgonj. The highest mean value of TVC was 104.5× 109 from Vegetable singara and the lowest mean value of TVC was 67 ×109 from Vegetable roll. The antibiotic sensitivity was done in this study and found that isolated Escherichia coli was highly sensitive to Chloramphenical, Gentamycin and Ceftriaxone, moderately sensitive to Gentamycin and Ceftriaxone and resistant to Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone Nalidixic Acid and Bacteria.


Keywords: TVC, TCC, Antibiotic sensitivity, Bacteria


EVALUATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO VARIETIES IN WINTER SEASON AT SYLHET


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 61-66

An investigation was carried out at the experimental field of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture during winter season from October 2015 to March 2016 with a view to evaluate the performance of seven promising tomato varieties under Sylhet condition in winter season. Three local tomato varieties viz., Raja, Maharaja, kanak two exotic varieties viz., Nor-306, Nor-313 along with two BARI realesed varieties BARI Hybrid Tomato-5, BARI Tomato-15 were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Yield and yield attributes of seven varieties differed significantly. The highest harvesting period was observed in Maharaja (34.33 days). The lowest harvesting period was recorded in BARI Tamato-15 (26.67 days) but it was corresponding for earlier maturation (44.76 days from fruit set). The highest number of fruits plant-1 was recorded from the variety Moharaja (42.30) with the lowest TSS (4.43%). The lowest number of fruits plant-1 was recorded from BARI Tomato-15 (26.20). Wide variations were recorded for individual fruit weight among the varieties. Raja had the heaviest fruit weight (45.11 g fruit-1) closely followed by Kanak (45.10 g fruit-1). Fruit yield plant-1 ranged 0.42 kg to 1.57 kg. Corresponding plant-1 fruit yield was the highest for the Maharaja (1.57 kg) followed by Raja (1.40 kg) while lowest yield was in BARI Tomato-15 (0.42 kg). In respect of fruit yield hectare-1, the highest (60.08 t ha-1) was recorded from Moharaja followed by Raja (52.84 t ha-1) and the lowest yield was obtained in the BARI Tomato-15 which was 15.13 t ha-1. Considering the yield performance Moharaja, Raja, BARI Hybrid Tomato-5 were found most promising in Sylhet region for the production of tomato in winter season.


Keywords: Tomato variety, winter, growth and yield


EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS ON SEED GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF RADISH


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 51-59

The research work was conducted from October to December 2016 on the rooftop of Agriculture Faculty Building of Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet to assess the effects of industrial effluents on seed germination, seedling mortality and growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Effluents were collected from common dumping-off areas of Narsingdi, Tongi, Hazaribagh, Alampur, Khadimnagar, Majortilla, Bhatiary, Bayazid bostami and Sagorika under Dhaka, Sylhet and Chittagong division of Bangladesh. Maximum concentration of Pb (2.038 mgl-1), Cd (0.082 mgL-1), Ni (0.237 mgl-1) and Cr (0.172 mgl-1) were obtained in Hazaribagh industrial effluents; Fe (7.171 mgl-1) and Zn (1.938 mgl-1) were highest in Khadimnagar. Both experiments were laid out in a CRD with three replications. Radish seedlings were significantly affected by the application of different industrial effluents. Maximum seedling mortality (22.78%) at 15 DAS was observed in Khadimnagar industrial effluents, whereas zero seedling mortality was observed in control. Shoot and root length of radish also affected by effluents. Due to toxicity of heavy metals shoot length (36.97%) and root length (61.38%) were reduced compared to control along with decrease in other growth parameters of radish. Maximum number of leaf plant-1, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight and dry weight were recorded in control whereas minimum values was recorded when Khadimnagar industrial effluents used as irrigation water followed by Hazaribagh. The overall results indicated that Khadimnagar and Hazaribagh industrial effluents were significantly contaminated with heavy metals namely Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Fe and Zn which have toxic effects on radish growth.


Keywords: Industrial discharges, heavy metals, seedling mortality, development


EFFECT OF FERTILIZER DOSES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CABBAGE IN HAOR AREAS


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 45-49

A field experiment was conducted in the Dekar haor area under Sunamganj district during the period from November 2017 to February 2018 to evaluate the influence of fertilizer doses on the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea). Four fertilizers doses viz. Recommended dose of N-P-K-S-Zn-B @ 240-88-100-32-4.5-1.5 kg ha-1 (F1), F1 + 25% of F1 (F2), F1 – 25% of F1 (F3), and Cowdung @ 10 t ha-1 (F4) were used in the experiment following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data on growth, yield and yield contributing parameters were recorded. Application of fertilizer doses resulted in variations of growth characteristics of cabbage. The tallest plants were observed due to application of 25% higher fertilizer over recommended dose (F2). The longest leaves 14.33 cm and 28.54 cm were recorded in 25% higher fertilizer over recommended rate at 15 and 45 DAT. Peak spreading area 69.47 cm was in 25% less than recommended fertilizer rate (F3) at 60 DAT. The largest head diameter 69.13 cm was observed due to application of recommended fertilizer dose and the lowest 53.07 cm was in cowdung application @ 10 t ha-1. The maximum gross yield (113.13 t ha-1) and the head yield (79.43 t ha-1) were obtained with the application of recommended dose of fertilizers (F1). The highest BCR 4.5 was observed in recommended fertilizer dose. The results revealed that national recommendation and 25% more than national recommended dose both produced promising cabbage yield in haor area.


Keywords: Recommended dose, cowdung, gross yield, head yield, BCR, national recommendation


EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF CAULIFLOWER IN ACID SOIL OF BANGLADESH


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 37-43

A field experiment was conducted at South Surma upazila of Sylhet district to evaluate the effect of vermicompost, cowdung and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) in acid soil. The experiment comprised of four treatments viz. T1 = 135-60-135-21-3-1.5 kg ha-1 of N-P-K-S-Zn-B, T2 = T1 + Cowdung (5 t ha-1), T3 = T1 + Vermicompost (5 t ha-1) and T4 = Vermicompost (10 t ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results on growth parameters recorded at 15, 30 and 45 DAT showed significant variation in different growth and yield contributing characters. The tallest plant (24.47 cm) was recorded at 45 DAT in T3 treatment. The same treatment at 30 DAT produced the highest number of leaves plant-1 (8.33) while T4 had the lowest number of leaves plant-1 (5.93). The longest length and breadth of the largest leaf and spreading of plants were recorded 19.60, 10.03 and 16.53 cm at 45 DAT in T3, respectively. The highest curd yield (29.72 t ha-1) was recorded in T3 treatment. Post-harvest soil analysis showed higher amount of organic matter, total N, available P, exchangeable K and available S contents than in initial soil. This might be due to residual effect of vermicompost. The results revealed that vermicompost addition with recommended dose of chemical fertilizers T3 performed better compared to only inorganic fertilizers.


Keywords: Organic fertilizers, Inorganic fertilizers, Chemical composition of fertilizer and soil


RELATIVE EFFICACY OF INDIGENOUS BOTANICALS AND SYNTHETIC INSECTICIDE AGAINST CUCURBIT FRUIT FLY (Bactrocera cucurbitae) ON BITTER GOURD


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 31-36

An experiment was conducted at farmer’s field in Panchbibi, Joypurhat during September to December 2016 to evaluate the relative efficacy of homebased botanicals as compared to a synthetic insecticide used by the farmers in controlling cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae on bitter gourd. Effectiveness of one synthetic insecticides (Karate 2.5 EC) and four indigenous botanicals (Neem seed extract, Jute seed extract, Mahogani seed extract and Garlic extract) were evaluated to control cucurbit fruit fly on bitter gourd. Fruits got comparatively lower infestation where plants were treated with different plant extracts, while it was minimum in the plants treated with synthetic insecticide. Among the botanicals maximum fruits infestations (39.96-43.82%) were found in the case of garlic extract while minimum damages (19.20-27.47%) were found from jute seed extract that showed about similar effectiveness with the synthetic insecticide viz. Karate 2.5EC (16.24-31.04%). The highest fruit infestation was recorded from untreated control (56.93-58.42%).


Keywords: Jute seed, mahogany seed, neem, garlic extract, Karate 2.5 EC


EVALUATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SWEETPOTATO GENOTYPES IN RAMGARH SOIL SERIES OF LOW HILLS IN SYLHET


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 19-30

Sweetpotato is a fast growing starchy root crop. It can be grown on a wide variety of soils. Soils of Sylhet region are classified into various soil series or soil groups. Several indigenous sweetpotato genotypes are distributed in Sylhet region. So far they are not being explored. From this point of view, the present study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of nine sweetpotato genotypes namely Local-1, Local-2, local-5, Local-8, Exotic-1, Exotic-2, Exotic-3, Exotic-4 and BARI SP-4. The evaluation was carried out on Ramgarh soil of North-Eastern Piedmont plains during November 2015 to March 2016 in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Morphology of leaves, vines, fibrous roots and storage roots as well as yield determinants were studied. Correlation study between morphological and yield attributes were also carried out. Correlation study revealed that primary vine number, total fresh weight, total dry matter, harvest index, storage root number plant-1, diameter of storage roots, fresh weight of storage roots were positively correlated with yield. The highest harvest index (HI) was observed in Local-1 (69.46%). The maximum number of storage roots plant-1 was in Exotic-2 (7.20). The longest storage roots were in Local-5 (14.13 cm) and thickest storage roots were in Local-8 (5.22 cm). The highest storage roots fresh weight plant-1 was obtained from Local-1 (826.10 g). The highest storage roots yield was in Local-1 (48.96 t ha-1) followed by Local-8 (42.60 t ha-1). It can be concluded that Local-1 and Local-8 would be suitable for higher yield whereas potentials of Local-2 and Exotic-3 suggested for further investigation.


Keywords: Morphology, storage root, dry matter partitioning, harvest index, Ramgarh soil series


EFFECT OF SEEDLING TYPES AND HORMONE APPLICATION ON YIELD OF TOMATO DURING SUMMER


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 15-18

Abstract
Three types of tomato seedlings viz., polybag raised seedlings (polybag seedling), seedbed raised seedlings (normal seedling) and grafted seedlings (tomato grafted on wild brinjal) of BARI hybrid tomato-4 were evaluated under with and without hormone application system during the summer season of 2014 at the experimental field of Sylhet Agricultural University with view to assessing the influence of grafting and hormone application on tomato yield during summer. Seedling types had significant influence on fruit yield and plant mortality. Only 3.5% plants were infected with bacterial wilt when grown from grafted seedling while it was 18% and 20% when the plants raised from normal and polybag grown seedling, respectively. Thus the higher survivability of plants in the grafted plot ensured much higher fruit yield acre-1 (18 ton) than those of normal seedling (13.15 ton) and polybag grown seedling (12.80 ton). Application of paracholorophenoxy acetic acid had significant influence on higher tomato production. The plants applied with hormone produced 979.50 g of fruits plant-1 while it was only 724.48 g in untreated plant. However, the highest fruit yield plant-1 was recorded from the grafted tomato plants (1.06 kg) and normal seedling grown plant (1.08 kg) when treated with hormone while it was the lowest for normal types of seedling at without hormone application (0.59 kg plant-1). Results revealed that the high scope of improving tomato yield during summer using grafted seedling along with hormone application in Sylhet region.
Keywords: Production, grafted tomato seedlings and Sylhet region


Keywords: Production, grafted tomato seedlings and Sylhet region


COMPETITIVENESS OF AUS RICE VARIETIES AGAINST WEED INFESTATION


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 7-14

Experiments on Aus rice were conducted at the Agronomy Research Field of Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet and in the farmer’s field of Jaintapur and Gowainghat Upazila, Sylhet to find out the competitiveness of Aus rice varieties against weed infestation. The experiments were carried out within the period of April to August 2014. Five commercial rice varieties viz. BR3, BRRI dhan48, hybrid variety Aloron, BRRI dhan43, Iratom-24 along with three (3) local cultivars Aina Miah, Doom and Kanihati were included in the research field trial. On the other hand, survey of thirty farmer’s field along with researcher’s managed trial were conducted to know the weed situation. In farmer’s field, 5 (five) variety namely BR3, hybrid variety Aloron, BRRI dhan55, BRRI dhan48 and cultivar Aina Miah were included. Here each variety or cultivar considered as treatment. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block (RCBD) design with three replications. Weed Competitive Index (CI) was calculated on the basis of average yield of all varieties and weed biomass. Result indicated that eight weed species were recorded in the research field trial, whereas 28 weed species were recorded in the farmer’s field trial. The most prominent weeds in the experiment were Monochoria vaginalis, Digitaria sangunalis, Leersia hexandra, Cynodon dactylon etc. The highest weed competitive index was recorded in Aloron (2.27) and the lowest was recorded in Doom (0.42) in the research field. On the other hand, in farmer’s field trial the highest weed competitive index (2.05) was recorded in BRRI dhan48 which was followed by variety Aloron (1.71). The highest grain yield (4.04 t ha-1) was produced by the hybrid variety Aloron which was statistically identical with the variety BRRI dhan48 (3.19 t ha-1) and Iratom-24 (3.06 t ha-1). The hybrid variety Aloron produced the maximum panicle length (24.53 cm) and highest (103.53) grains panicle-1 and lowest (41.87) panicle length was in variety BRRI dhan43. The lowest yield (1.07 t ha-1) was recorded in local cultivar Doom which was at par with BRRI dhan43 (1.32 t ha-1) and local cultivar Kanihati (1.53 t ha-1).


Keywords: Aus rice, varieties/cultivars, growth, yield, hybrid variety Aloron


EFFECT OF UREA MOLASSES STRAW ON BEEF CATTLE FATTENING AND INCOME GENERATION OF SMALL SCALE FARMERS IN HAOR AREAS


Journal of Sylhet Agricultural University, 2018, Volume 5, Number 1; Pages: 1-5

Beef cattle fattening is a potential income generating enterprise for the small scale farmers’ in haor areas. Thus, the experiment was conducted with the aim to observe the effect of urea molasses straw for fattening bull and contribution to the income generation for small scale farmers in haor areas. The experiment was conducted at the Noagaon village under South Sunamganj Upazila of Sunamganj district from January to April 2017. Ten farmers were selected for rearing and each farmer reared one bull (2-3 years old) for fattening. Two groups of animals, treatment group treated with Urea Molasses Straw (UMS) in diet and control group without UMS supplementation, were laid out with five replications in each group. Data on body weight gain and profitability data were collected and analyzed as Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Feeding of urea molasses straw with the dietary feed had shown a positive effect on weight gain. After the end of the experimental period, mean body weight gain (g day-1animal-1) for the treatment and control group were measured as 496.41 and 236.62 g, respectively. The body weight gains of these both feeding groups were insignificant during the first fifteenth days of the experimental period, however, the difference was significant (p<0.05) for the rest of the experimental period. Moreover, higher gross margin was found in the treatment group (Tk. 14,310) than the control group (Tk. 3,810). Therefore, a significant growth performance with a profitable income for the small scale farmers’ of haor areas might be promising from beef cattle fattening by dietary urea molasses straw treatment.


Keywords: Bangladesh, body weight, profitability, dietary, farmers


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