In Bangladesh, climate change variations have made haor communities more vulnerable in socioeconomic aspects. Thus, people face several hazardous situations and take adaptive measures to counter this socioeconomic vulnerability. This present study aimed to thoroughly understand these issues and portray the socioeconomic vulnerability conditions and adaptive measures taken among households in Nikli haor communities in the Kishoreganj district. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to collect 120 samples data from six villages in Nikli haor. Descriptive statistics were used to present the socioeconomic status and the socioeconomic vulnerability index was used to find out the most common and severe vulnerability issues. Among study findings, 93% of respondents were found to be literate and 54% of them had medium household size. The majority of the sampled respondents were engaged in farming activities and 72% of respondents had small farms. Flash floods and settlement erosion were found to be ranked primary vulnerabilities among haor communities. The study revealed that the Nikli haor community had taken several adaptive measures to cope with the challenges posed by climate change and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. The findings suggest that the community has embraced a diversified livelihood strategy, with homestead gardening and changes in crop patterns emerging as significant adaptive strategies. However, the reliance on migration and asset sales raises concerns about the long-term viability of certain coping mechanisms. So, in light of these research findings, valuable steps might be taken to minimize these worsening situations.

Keywords: Haor, Vulnerability Index, Climate Change, Adaptive Measures

Hexavalent chromium, hazardous metal, have a range of harmful consequences, including developmental toxicity, and they infiltrate the human and animal food chains due to untreated effluents emitted. Since hexavalent chromium affects both animals and humans, the aims of the current experiment were to assess the impacts of a single intraperitoneal dosage on body weight and biochemical markers (ALT, AST, and TP) as well as on hormone (progesterone) levels in female Swiss albino mice. A total 24 healthy adult mice were divided into three groups consisting of six mice per group, including control T0, and treatment groups T1 and T2 with a single dose of Cr (VI) at a dosage rate of 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight was done using an intraperitoneal administration respectively. The significance of the difference between groups was tested using a single-factor ANOVA. On the 14th day following injection of hexavalent chromium, visceral organs such as the lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and blood were taken. Exposure to Cr (VI) produced a substantial decline (p<0.05) in weight gain coupled with considerably enhanced weight gain of the liver, kidney, and spleen (p<0.05). The activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was statistically highly enhanced (p>0.05), along with the exponentially significant elevated level of total protein (p<0.01). No significant variation was noticed in the progesterone hormone level (p > 0.05) among the treated groups and the control group. The outcomes of the current investigation indicated that experimental female albino mice exhibited harmful effects following injection of chromium VI.

Keywords: Cr (VI), Cr (VI) toxicity, intraperitoneal injection, Swiss albino female mice

Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, Zika virus, chikungunya, and yellow fever continue to pose significant threat for global public health. Traditional chemical pesticides, is somewhat effective to control mosquito populations, but has severe environmental concerns, such as damaging ecology, harmful for beneficial non-target animals, and an alarming increase in insecticide-resistant mosquito strains. Our review sheds light on microbiological and phytochemical approaches to mosquito control as effective and environmentally sustainable option. Lysinibacillus sphaericus. A gram-positive soil bacterium has great effectiveness as a biocontrol candidate because it generates specific larvicidal toxins such as the binary toxin complex (BinA and BinB) and mosquitocidal toxins (Mtx). These poisons selectively target mosquito larvae midgut cells and have no major impact on non-target species, making L. sphaericus a vital part in integrated vector management schemes. Phytochemical approaches disrupt crucial mosquito life cycle pathways using plant-derived bioactive chemicals. Sphagneticola trilobata, a widely distributed tropical plant, has demonstrated substantial potential in mosquito control as it contains a great range of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and phenolic acids. These substances have larvicidal, insecticidal, and repellant activities through an involvement with mosquito digestion, hormonal balance, and neural pathways. S. trilobata extracts are also a sustainable, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides. This analysis highlights L. sphaericus and S. trilobata’s promise as eco-friendly and effective solutions to the expanding mosquito control difficulties by investigating their mechanisms of action, practical uses, and environmental advantages.

Keywords: Mosquito, Microbial, Phytochemical, Toxin, Environment

The use of antibiotics in the broiler production has elevated concerns due to their potential negative impact on the health of human. Initial studies suggest that medicinal plants may offer a safer alternative, though limited research has been conducted in Bangladesh. The aims of the present experiment were to compare the impacts of licorice powder, antibiotics and probiotics on the growth, vital organs, and blood profiles of broiler. About 180-day-old Lohman Meat chicks were obtained from the Quality Hatchery Limited and equally divided into four groups with three replicates per group, and each replicate consisting fifteen chicks) using a rearing floor litter system. A basal diet was supplied during experiment; T0, control group- no feed additive supply, and treatment group; T1, – 1gm Licorice Powder (LP)/1L of drinking water (DW); T2- 1 gm of antibiotics/1L of DW and T3- 1gm of probiotics/1L of DW. Body weight of each individual birds was recorded weekly, FCR, organ weights, and carcass yields were calculated at the end of the experiment. Blood sample collected from birds on day 35 were analyzed for blood profiles. Data were analyzed using single-factor ANOVA at a 5% significance level. Body weight significantly varied by groups within each of defined days 14, 21, 28, and 35 (p<0.05), with the highest body weight gain in the T1 (licorice powder) group (p>0.05). The FCR was significantly lower in the T1 treated group and T3 treated group (p<0.05). There was no variation found in the change of various organ weight among treated and untreated group of broiler chicken. The hematological parameters were significantly greater in the treated group T3, followed by T1 and lower in the T2 groups compared to the control group T0 (P>0.05). The mean value of ALT was significantly lower in T3 (7. 16 u/l), followed by T2 (7.88 u/l) and T1 (7.94 u/l) than T0; ALP was lower in T1, T2, T3 respectively, total protein, cholesterol. The mean value of HDL was significant higher in T3 (68.35mg/dl) followed by T2 (60.31mg/dl) and T1(46.79mg/dl) than the T0 group (p> 0.01). The administration of licorice powder (T1) and probiotics (T3) resulted in positive impacts on body weight, organs weight and blood profiles of broiler chicks compared to antibiotics (T2). Licorice powder may be suggested as a suitable substitute to antibiotics in poultry production.

Keywords: Licorice powder, antibiotics, probiotics, body weight, blood profiles, broiler

Bangladesh’s economy heavily relies on homestead agroforestry. In Sadar upazila of Rangamati in Bangladesh, the study was conducted to ascertain the effect of homestead agroforestry on the respondents’ standard of living. It also identifies how the selected variables, like age, education, family size, farm size, homestead size, annual revenue, expenditures, and knowledge of homestead farmers, relate to the diversity of plant species in the study area. Data was collected using structured interviewing, and a correlation test was carried out to determine the relationship between the relevant dependent and independent variables of the study. Education, Farm size, Homestead size, Annual income, Expenditure, and Savings of the respondents revealed significant positive relationships with the plant species diversity, whereas no such relationship was observed with Age, Family size, Knowledge of Homestead Agroforestry and Socio-economic conditions of those respondents. Male were the highest decision makers for housing with 37.5% while female were highest decision makers for tree plantations, Schooling, Savings and Expenditure, and Participation in training program, Uses of agroforestry product and Agronomic crop with 35%, 41.67%, 36.67%, 44.17% and 35.83%, respectively. In the case of family planning, decisions were equally made by males, females, and both males and females combined, accounting for 33.33%. . Therefore, there is a huge opportunity to increase the farmers’ income and their livelihood through increasing plant diversity in the present homestead areas of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Rangamati Sadar, Homestead Agroforestry, Species diversity, socio-economic condition

The experiment was conducted at the farmers’ fields of Bahadurpur and Noagaon village at Sadarupazilla and Dakshin Sunamganj, respectively under the Dekharhaor (wetland) of Sunamganj district, Bangladesh during November, 2015 to May 2016 to observe the nutrients concentration and uptake by the local fine rice varieties under different rates of fertilizers application. The experiment comprised four varieties viz. Tapiboro (V1), Begun bichi (V2), Rata boro (V3), Atobshail (V4), and three fertilizers package treatments- F1= Farmers’ practice, FP (NPK @ 41.4-4.2-10.5 kg ha-1), F2= Recommended Fertilizer Dose, RFD (NPKSZn@69-22.4-31.7-6.7-0.65 kg ha-1) and F3= Soil test based fertilizers, STB (NPKSZn@61-17.5-33.5-3.1-0.7 kgha-1). The experiment was laid out in two factors Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with three farmers’ replications. Data were collected on yield, nutrients concentration and uptake of rice. Tapiboro produced the highest grain yield of 3.10 tha-1and straw yield of 5.49 tha-1. The grain and straw yield varied significantly due to application of different fertilizer doses. Application of STB fertilizer were produced the highest grain yield of 2.95 tha-1 and straw yield of 4.85 tha-1. The highest amount of NPKSZn concentration was found in Tapiboro and application of STB fertilizers. Tapiboro uptakes the highest amount of NPKSZn. The NPSZn apparent balance was found positive and negative K balance was found in all treatments. Tapiboro with STB based fertilizers application was the best option in the haor area for the farmers’.

Keywords: Variety, Fertilizer, Local Fine rice, Haor

The fifteen country bean genotypes (Lablab purpureus) were grown to assess the nutritional status and phytochemical analysis. Morphological variation among the genotypes was also evaluated. The experiments were set up using one-way randomized complete block design with three replications. These 15 genotypes grown in winter season from August 2022 to January 2023 were IPSA Sheem -1(P1), Sikribi Sheem-1(P2), Sikribi Sheem-2(P3), BARI Sheem-1(P4), Golgadda Sheem (P5), and hybrids from P1× P2, P1× P3, P1× P4, P1× P5, P2× P3, P2× P4, P2× P5, P3× P4, P3× P5, and P4× P5. Nutritional parameters like crude protein (CP), antioxidant, dry matter (DM), and moisture content were studied. The highest CP (29.63%) was observed in IPSA Sheem-1 (P1). We found the highest antioxidant (Free radical scavenging activity of DPPH) in hybrid from P4× P5 (37.96%). P3× P5 hybrid had the highest DM (13.11%) and the highest moisture content (%) value was in P4× P5 (90.61%). In phytochemical analysis, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were studied. The highest TPC was (14.58 ug/mg) found in Golgadda Sheem (P5). P1× P4 hybrid had the highest TFC (4.25 ug/mg). Following morphological variation, the highest number (4.86) of seeds pod-1 was recorded in P1× P5. Based on nutrients IPSA Sheem -1(P1) was found to be more nutritious in the winter season compared to the other genotypes.

Keywords: Phytochemical, nutritional, bean, genotype, pod (Lablab purpureus)

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is a diminutive seed of an annual herbaceous plant. In recent years, the utilization of chia seeds has exhibited a marked increase due to their maximal nutritional and therapeutic values. An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research field in the Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU), Sylhet, from 16 November 2022 to 12 April 2023. The objective of this study was to ascertain the growth, yield quality, and phytochemical characteristics of Chia seeds at varying plant densities. The tests were conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. Plant population per unit area regarded as treatments T1 =120 m-2 and T2 = 60 m-2. The collected data were evaluated statistically using the R program (version R 4.2.3). The tallest plant height (94.08cm) from T1, maximum count of inflorescence plant-1 (42.11) in T2, highest number of leaves plant-1 (79.60), highest number of branches plant-1 (61.83) was recorded until harvest in T1. The highest seed yield (9.32 Kg/ha), 1000 seed weight (1.38 g) were also recorded in T2 and T1. Additionally other yield attributes such as seeds/floret, floret/inflorescence, number of inflorescence/plants etc. were also found in T1 & T2. Chia seed’s overall phenolic content 11.79 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content 13.37 mg QE/g were both measured after harvest from both treatments. Further study and agricultural advancements will contribute to the cultivation and use of chia seeds in a variety of applications. However, further investigation is necessary to elucidate the bioavailability of chia seeds and the particular extraction procedures related compounds.

Keywords: Phytochemical, chia seed, inflorescence, yield, floret, phenolic, flavonoid

A field study was conducted at Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, during the summer season from April to June 2019. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of organic amendments and shadow levels by changing light exposure on the growth contributing features of the aloe vera plant. The experiment was designed according to a factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with various organic amendments and two levels of shadow. Organic amendments were cow dung, vermicompost, and Trichocompost. Two distinct degrees of light exposure were used in the experiment viz., complete shade (4×100 lux) and partial shade (125×100 lux). The growth performance of the plants was significantly affected by organic inputs as well as varying levels of shade. The maximum plant height (15.37 cm) and number of leaves (18.00) were bserved at110 days after transplanting (DAT) in the pots where Trichocompost semi-shed environment was employed. But the highest number of stems (10.47) was recorded at 110 days after transplanting (DAT) when combination of Trichocompost and complete shade were applied. The findings of the current study can be advisable to utilize Trichocompost as a growth medium for aloe vera cultivation in partially shaded environments in order to achieve optimal growth.

Keywords: Aloe vera, Organic amendments, Shade levels,Trichocompost, Growth character

Organic fertilizer production from cattle waste lessens environmental damage and improves the standard of living of cattle farmers through uncovering additional income sources. Majority of the cattle farmers in Bangladesh either are unaware about eco-friendly farming, or they fail to comprehend the potentials of utilizing cattle waste as organic fertilizer. This study aims to determine the socio-economic and farm-level factors that influence the farmers to produce organic fertilizer from cattle waste. From four rural villages in Bogura district of Bangladesh, 84 households who rear cattle were selected randomly, and then interviewed following a well-structured survey schedule. Descriptive statistics and binary logit model were used to analyze the data. It was evident that, 71% of the selected cattle farmers adopted organic fertilizer production. Minimum socioeconomic differences were observed among the cattle rearing households. Six explanatory variables namely education of the household head, farming experience, risk perception, cattle rearing subsidy, access to internet, and farm’s distance from the nearest extension office were found to have significant influence towards farmer’s adoption of organic fertilizer production. For ensuring sustainable adoption, farmers should be made aware regarding green farming through proper on field training and frequent campaigns. In addition, continuous subsidy along with logistic support from both government and non-government organizations must be ensured to encourage the farmers towards organic fertilizer production.

Keywords: Adoption, cattle waste, environmental damage, organic fertilizer, logit model