Rice is one of the most crucial staple foods that feed a significant portion of the global population and has an impact on the well-being and economies of billions of people in the world. The experiment was conducted in pot culture during the aman season of 2022 in the Agronomy research field of Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh to observe the agromorphological traits, growth, and yield performance of 18 local rice cultivars. The cultivars included Binni, Naizershail (Brahmonbaria), Biruy, Begunbichi, Modonga, Meghraj, Biruin, Dumai, Kalojira, Maloti, Moinasail, Naizershail (Sylhet), Madhumadab, Tulsimala, Gandi, Nagrasail, Bontosh, and Chinigura. Each pot contained three hills, and the pots were replicated four times using a completely randomized design (CRD).  Dumai required a period of 78 days to reach maturity. In turn, Nagrasail and Bontosh took a long time of 158 days to reach their full maturity. Kalojira, Moinasail, and Chinigura exhibited lodging resistance. The experiment revealed a positive correlation between grain yield and factors contributing to yield, including the number of effective tillers, length of panicles, number of grains panicle^-1, and weight of 1000 grains. Conversely, there was a negative relationship between grain yield and plant height and the presence of unfilled grains panicle^-1. Binni exhibited the highest grain yield (107.70 g pot^-1). The findings of Dumai, Kalojira, Moinasail, Chinigura, and Binni showed a number of desirable characteristics which are very useful for future breeding purposes. Preserving not only the mentioned cultivars but also all other cultivars studied is of utmost importance for future breeding needs.